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Theoretical prerequisites for creating cold fusion reactor
Êàòåãîðèÿ: Ýíåðãåòèêà |
Íîâîñòü îò: admin |
23-07-2014
UDK 539.172.12/.16 + 539.172.13
David Davidyan, Igor Danilov, Rafael Tumanyan, Vanush Davtyan
E-mail: serg55@yahoo.com Skype: serg.davtyan
The paper proposes a theoretical model which explains the energy output in cold fusion reactions, while using nickel and copper. The technique, presented by the authors, allows to determine what other isotopes of chemical elements can be used to optimize the energy output. The results can be used to create a source of energy for industrial purposes.
Cold fusion is considered by the example of metal Ni and Cu.
Ni + p (proton) + Ea = isotope Cu + γ (photon), unstable isotope decays with energy release.
Where there is Ea - the activation energy is necessary to penetrate proton into the nucleus of nickel, γ (photon) - radiation associated with the restructuring of the nucleus.
Natural Nickel contains 5 stable isotopes:
58Ni (68.27 %),
60Ni (26.10 %),
61Ni (1.13 %),
62Ni (3.59 %),
64Ni (0.91 %).
There are also artificial isotopes of nickel, the most stable of which
59Ni (half-life of 100,000 years),
63Ni (100 years) and 56Ni (6 days).
All information about Isotopes are by [1], [2].
58Ni (68.27 %) + p = 59Cu half-life of 81,5
with the isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 58,9394980
60Ni (26.10 %) + p =61Cu half-life of 3,333 h.
with the isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 60,9334578
61Ni (1.13 %) + p =62Cu half-life of 9,673 m.
with the isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 61,932584
62Ni (3.59 %) + p = 63Cu stable
64Ni (0.91 %) + p =65Cu stable
59Ni (half-life of 100,000 years) + p = 60Cu
Half-life of 23,7 m. isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 59,9373650
63Ni (100 years) + p = 64Cu
Half-life of 12,700 h. isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 63,9297642
56Ni (6 days). + p = 57Cu
Half-life of 61,83 h. isotope mass (Atomic mass unit) 66,9277303
Natural copper consists of two stable isotopes –
63Cu (69 %),
65Cu (31 %),
We are interested in the reaction with the formation of an unstable isotope of Zn, which decays with the release of energy:
63Cu (69 %) + pn (proton with neutron - deuterium nucleus) = 65mZn The excitation energy 53,928 KeV, Half-life of 1,6 µs, Spin and parity of the nucleus 1/2-
Effect of cold fusion was observed in two experiment. At one the energy release was observed in the interaction of deuterium with a copper wall (as a side effect in the study of ion-molecule reactions [3]). In the second - nickel with hydrogen (like Mr. A.Rossi [4]). According to the assumption of Igor Danilov (St. Petersburg) has reverse tunnel effect thus formed isotopes with short lifetimes, which was bought by release energy. Currently, work is underway to create an industrial power station.
[1] G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, and C. Thibault (2003). «The AME2003 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references.». Nuclear Physics A 729: 337—676. DOI:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.003.
[2] G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot and A. H. Wapstra (2003). «The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties». Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. DOI:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
[3] R.T. Malkhasyan, G.N. Sargsyan, E.S.Zurkin, V.G. Davtyan.
Secondary ion-molecule reactions of ions D3 + with noble gases.
Abstracts on 2 -nd All-Union Conference on the gas-phase kinetics of 1978. Chernogolovka-Yerevan, pp 43-46.
[4] Rossi Andrea, Patent 20110005506 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTION, 13.01.2011, http://patentscope.wipo.int)
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